# Tirzepatide References and Citations — Pharmacy Tirzepatide

> Full citation list for Tirzepatide research on Pharmacy Tirzepatide: SURPASS-2, SURMOUNT-1, SURMOUNT-5, the TriNetX cohort, safety meta-analyses, and recent evidence — with DOIs and PubMed links.

## Core clinical evidence

Every claim on this site maps to a citation in this list. Tirzepatide references are numbered sequentially as cited across all pages.

## References

[1] Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018;18:3-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30473097/
[2] Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020;5(17):e140532. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730231/
[3] Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(6):503-515. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34170647/
[4] Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35658024/
[5] Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
[6] Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1214334. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908750/
[7] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information (FDA label). FDA Drugs@FDA. 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/215866s000lbl.pdf
[8] Anson M, et al. Incidence of new onset type 2 diabetes in adults living with obesity treated with tirzepatide or semaglutide: real world evidence from an international retrospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;75:102777. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39246719/
[9] Karimi MA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of semaglutide versus liraglutide, dulaglutide or tirzepatide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1438318. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40444045/
[10] Samms RJ, et al. A Contemporary Rationale for Agonism of the GIP Receptor in the Treatment of Obesity. Diabetes. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40521890/
[11] Guan H, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in participants with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and/or sulfonylurea: Post-hoc analysis of SURPASS-4. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40926359/
[12] Neves JS, et al. Efficacy of tirzepatide versus semaglutide in achieving therapeutic targets in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the SURPASS-2 Trial. Diabetologia. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41419618/
[13] Urva S, et al. The novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide transiently delays gastric emptying similarly to selective GLP-1 receptor agonists. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(12):2440-2444. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32519795/
[14] Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
[15] Packer M, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39555826/
[16] Loomba R, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38856224/
[17] Safwan M, et al. Gastrointestinal safety of semaglutide and tirzepatide vs. placebo in randomized controlled trials: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Saudi Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40189856/
[18] Mishra R, et al. Tirzepatide-Induced Gastrointestinal Manifestations: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023;15(10):e46091. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908927/
[19] Shen P, et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with tirzepatide: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database. PLoS One. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41894422/
[20] Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drugs. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41351656/
[21] Look M, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39996356/
[22] Batsis JA, et al. Effect of Incretin-Based and Nonpharmacologic Weight Loss on Muscle Mass in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41996180/
[23] Locatelli JC, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024;47(7):1213-1221. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687506/
[24] Zhang Z, et al. Tirzepatide safety in type 2 diabetes: a disproportionality analysis using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Endocr Connect. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40631601/
[25] Nassar M, et al. Decreased risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis with semaglutide or tirzepatide. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024;18(10):103116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332263/
[26] Gong J, et al. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569606/
[27] Galli M, et al. Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40892610/
[28] Rasouli N, et al. Tirzepatide for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Without: A Pooled Analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40016573/
[29] Jalleh RJ, et al. Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39418085/
[30] Berg S, et al. Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists: associations with weight regain and cardiometabolic risk. Obes Rev. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40186344/
[31] Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity: The SURMOUNT-4 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024;331(1):38-48. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38078870/
[32] Horn DB, et al. Cardiometabolic Parameter Change by Weight Regain on Tirzepatide or Placebo. JAMA Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41284285/
[33] et al. Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists: A Case Series. Cureus. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41111833/
[34] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves new medication for chronic weight management. FDA News & Events. 2023. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-medication-chronic-weight-management
[35] Malhotra A, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38912654/
[36] Ciudin A, et al. Indirect comparative efficacy and safety of tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2.4 mg for the management of obesity and overweight in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40537987/
[37] Shukla AP, et al. Improved health-related quality of life with tirzepatide versus semaglutide in adults with obesity or overweight from the SURMOUNT-5 trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41187971/
[38] Rutter MK, et al. SURMOUNT-REAL UK: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Effectiveness of Tirzepatide in Adults With Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42297568/

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A plain-numbers reading desk for the tirzepatide trial record — every figure traced to its published source.